Machine for applying wear-resistant plating



Feb. 13, 1940. G'SEMBDNER" 2,190,611

4 MACHINE FOR APPLYING WEAR-RESISTANT PLATING ori inal Filed Feb. 2a, 1938 '2 Sheets-Sheet '1 I If: 5:11.11. I E

INVENTOR.

- 5mm 'MAm/v,

ATTORNEY Feb. 13, 1940. SEMBDNE'R 2,190,611

' MACHINE FOR APPLYING WEAR-RESISTANT PLATING Original Filed Feb. 23, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

smxw 6mm g BY Q ATTORNEY. a

Patented Feb. 13, 1940 TING Gustav Sembdner, Berlin-Tempelhof, Germany original'application February 2a, 1938. Serial 192,178. Divided and this application August 1938, Serial No. 223,911.- "In Germany Novemher 23, 1935 11 Claims.

This invention relates to metallic parts having improvedwear-resistant surfaces, and more particularly to, apparatus for manufacturing such parts with wear-resistant surface layers incorporated therein.

This application is a division of my copending application Serial Number 192,178,.fl1ed February 23, 1938, for Wear-resistant plating. Shown in that application are various structures embodying wear-resistant surfaces in accordance with my invention, including wheels for rail vehicles, pulleys, bars and the like.

One. of the objects of my invention herein described is to provide a machine for applying wearresistant layers to wheels in the manner disclosed in my application Serial Number 192,178.

Another object of my invention is to provide means for adapting existing machines to the purpose of applying wear-resistant layers to wheels.

Still'another object of my invention is to provide preadjusted guide means and preformed roller means in combination with a wheel setlathe for applying wear-resistant strips to wheel rims,

the strips being passed through the guide means and pressed by the roller means into secured po' sition on the wheel rims. i

A further object of my invention is to provide heating means for the strips in connection with or above the guide means therefor, and quenching means below the roller means for hardening the strips after they are secure in the wheel rims.

A still further object of myinvention is to provide lateral clearance compensation means between the'roller means and the wheel flange to correct for clearances due to different thicknesses I of the flanges on the wheel rims.

I incorporate into the surfaces of metallic parts which are subjected to heavy stresses and wear and .tear separate layers of a material havin substantially higher resistance against wear and tear than the-metallic part to be improved. In the practice of my invention I force a wear-resistant plating in the form of a plate or strip into recesses of the surface to be improved, by a cold or preferably hot hammering, rolling or pressing operation. The recess in the metallic part to be improved is preferably undercut or "backed off, for instance, in the form of a dovetail grooveor recess which is engaged by the wear-resistant plating when it is forced into the recess and deformed.

The wean-resistant plates or bands are formedwith a curved or arched convex cross section 'so that there remains clearance in the middle between the metallic part and the wear-resistant plate which clearance rendersit possible to depress and flatten the wear-resistant plates, whereby their lateral edges are deformed and project and engage or intermesh with the undercut faces.

I may incorporate the wear resistant plates into the metallic parts or supports by cold working, but generally, I prefer to heat the wear-resistant material to facilitate its deformation without changing its inner structure. I have found that red hot temperature of the wear-resistant material is very favourable for the pressing and deforming operation. Also, it is thus. possible to harden the wear-resistant material by quenching it immediately following the rolling, forging, hammeringor pressing operation. The metallic part or support may be iron or anyother'metal which is capable of forming a support for tightly securing the wear-resistant plating. The wear-resistant plating maybe steel which is improvedbr alloyed in any known manner, for instance, manganese steel containing 12-14% manganese, steel containing chromium and nickel or vanadium. Other than steel alloys may alsobe used, foFinstance, metals of the hard metal group such as tungsten, carbide or the like. Furthermore, where the wear is due to chemical attacks, platings or anti-corrosive -or' non-rusting material ,may be employed. The coefficient of thermal expansion or heat elongation of the wear-resistant material should be at least approximately similar to the corresponding coefficient of the metallic support.

My invention offers special advantages in *connection with wheels for rail-vehicles. As is well known. the bearing or running surface and the flange of such wheelsare heavily stressed and wormout very soon. My invention renders 'it possible to use such wheels for a much longer period of time. by incorporating wear-resistant material in the flanges or tires or all over the running surface of newwheels or wheels which are to-be repaired, without changing the wheel diameter.

A special advantage of my novel fastening .sys-

tern lies-in the fact that the wear-resistant material can be'eas ily applied or incorporated and when it is worn out, can be easily removed and interchanged, by means of simple or existing devices.

The invention reference to the following detailed description in connection with the. accompanying drawings will be better understood by,

showing by way of example and schematically some embodiments of the invention, viz.:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary cross section of the rim or tire of a wheel for rail vehicles, provided with a wear-resistant plating according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary cross section showing a method of inserting the wear-resistant plating.

Figs. 3 and 4 are further fragmentary cross sections of therim of a wheel for rail vehicles, having the invention applied thereto.

Figs. 5 and -6 are a fragmentary cross section and. a longitudinal section of a device for rolling a wear-resistant plating into the surface to be improved.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an arrangement for heating, rolling in and quenching wearresistant bands in wheels for rail vehicles.

Fig. 8 is a side view, partly in section, of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a schematic plan view, partly in section, of a rolling device.

Fig. 10is a perspective view of an arrangement for rolling-in wear-resistant strips in railway wheels, adapted for use with an ordinary wheel set lathe.

Fig. 11 is a side elevation of the arrangement shown in'Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a front elevation of the same arrangement.

Fig. 13 is an elevation of a detail of the machine shown in Figs. 10 to 12.

Fig. 14 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 13.

Various embodiments of wheels for rail vehiclesas used in railway cars or tramway cars, are shown in Figs. 1 to 4. As is well known, the running surfaces of such wheels are subjected to many different stresses and have to be corrected as to their cross section at regular intervals. l Now, I provide those portions of the cross section of. the rim which are mostly stressed and worn out with a plating or insert of a material ofiering extremely high resistance against these stresses and wear and tear, whereby the wheels may be used for a much longer time until correction and machining is again required. Moreover, when the cross section of the rim is "worn down to the admissible limit, my novel'systern of fastening the wear-resistant plating to the wheel surface renders it possible to interchange or replace the wear-resistant plating in a simple manner, as will be hereinafter described.

Figs. 1 and'2 show the cross section of a tire of a railway wheel having its mostly stressed portion at It. In order to protect the wheel against wear, I cut a groove or recess into said portion I 2 having undercut flanks I3 and I4. Now a strip iii of a material offering a very high resistance against wear ishammered, forged, pressed or rolled into said groove, whereby it is securely and intimately connected with the rim. The wheel may now be used until the admissible lower limit of the cross sectionof the rim is reached. In this case the wear-resistant strip l5 is usually also worn out to such an extent that a new' wear-resistant strip or insert Has to be applied. To this end, the wheel rim is turned down to the smaller standard cross section Hi. It is not necessary in this turning operation to turn the whole rim down to the lowest-point of the worn flank I! of the wheel flange, since a groove I! having undercut flanks l8, I9, is turned into this flanlgfinto which a strip similar to the strip IS in Fig.1 is forced. As shown in Fig. 2, h strip is atfirst S-shaped so that it can'be inserted into the groove l1. After the strip l5 has been inserted, it is stretched in the groove, by means of a roller I5, in the manner hereinafter described. It will be understood that instead of a narrow groove and strip as shown in Figs. land 2, a wider groove and strip may be used, so as to cover practically the whole running surface of the wheel.

Further manners of fastening the wear-resistant plating on the wheel rim are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, illustrating two dovetail grooves 2|, 2| and 22, 22 into which a suitably curved and arched strip 43 is inserted, the initial shape of which is shown in Fig. 3. This strip 43 is rolled and deformed as shown in Fig. 4 to form a smooth running surface together with the wheel rim.

Generally, there is a very small clearance only between the groove or recess and the wear-resistant material inserted in the recess; therefore, water or other aggressive substances will not usually be permitted to enter into the groove. Where it is intended to protect the groove additionally against corrosion, the surface of the groove and/or the inwardly directed surface of the wear-resistant material may be provided with an anti-corrosive or non-rusting coating which may be very thin, since it is protected against mechanical injuries by the wear-resistant strip. In Fig. 3 a coating 42 of anti-corrosive has been indicated on the surface of the recess which coating may be applied by a galvanic process, by a spreading process or by a metal spraying process. A similarcoating 43 is shown on the inner face of the wear-resistant strip in Fig. 3. Where the strip is not heated in the attaching operation, this coating may be applied in the same manner as the coating 42; where the strip is attached in hot condition, a coating of a refractory or fire-proof material has to be applied.

The provision of a protective coating between the wear-resistant material and its support is an important feature of my invention. More particularly this coating renders it possible to ensure a reliable and durable metallic contact between the wear-resistant material and its support which contact is important, for instance, in case of wheels for rail-vehicles or slide contacts intended to transmit electric current from the rail to the wheel or slide contact. Moreover,

I have found that the said protective coating serted and is arched as at 45. The support is provided with a dovetail groove 46 into which the wear-resistant strip is forced by means of a roller 41. Now, I have found that the strip 44 tends to flatten prior to the point where it is depressed by the roller 41, wherebyits exterior edges may overlie the groove. In order to avoid this defect, I guide the strip 44 through a guiding device, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6; which is adapted to the width of the strip and prevents flattening of the strip outsidev the groove, and ensures at the same time a smooth rolling operation. As will be seen in Figs. 5 and 6, guiding membersili, 50', 50", 50" are provided in front or the roller n for guiding the strip. It will be understood that the guiding members 58, 58',,

58", 58' may be constructed in the form of a single unitary device.

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate by way of example and schematically the rolling operation applied to a rail wheel of the kind shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The wear-resistant strip of convex shape is guided through a heating device 52, for instance, a muflie urnace, and pressed into thegroove 54 of the wheel rim by means of the roller 58, the cross section of which corresponds to'the flank of the flange of the wheel. The finished strip can be hardened by means of a quenching device 55 in the form of a water spraying nozzle 01; the like. A modified form of the roller is shown in Fig.8, illustrating a roller 58 which is providedto rollma. wear-resistant strip 5 1zinto the groove 58 ot' a rail wheel 59; so as to improve the running surface and the flank thereof. It will be understood that'a roller of the shape shown in Fig. 9 may also be used in the device" shown in Figs. '7 and 8, instead of the roller 53. Various rim into which the wear-resistantstrip is rolled,

as indicated in Fig. 3., In this case the wear-res "sistant strip can be removed from the wheel and replaced by a new one when it is worn out.

Generally, any suitable rolling machine or apparatus may be used to apply the wear-resistant material to its support, but in case of round metallic parts, more particularly wheels, I prefer to employ ordinarywheel set lathes reconstructed or modified to meet the purpose in question. By way of example, Figs. 14 show a device of this kind, comprising a face plate or disc II of a wheel set lathe and a base plate I2 for the slides. The wheel set I3, one wheel of which 14 has been shown only, for the sake of clarity, is inserted or chucked in the usual manner, preferably in such a way that the axle stub 'l5 of the wheel set rotates on the center 18 er the face plate 1| while the wheel set is rotated in usual manner, for instance, by drivers from the opposite plate which is not shown in the drawing. The two slides are removed from the plate 12 and replaced by a device TI (Fig. 11) by which the strip 18 can be rolled into the groove 18 ofthe wheel. The strip 18 passes through a. guiding de-- vice 88 which, as already mentioned, may receive the heating device for the strip at the same time.

The device 11 comprises a roller 8| which has a cross section corresponding to the profile or cross section of the wheel. This roller 8| is guided in. a fork-shaped frame 82 terminating in a rod 83 (Figs. 13 andv 14) which is adjustable in the anchor plate 85 by means of a screwing device 84, so that the roller 8| is supported by this anchor plate 85. Theplate 85 in turn is relieved from the forces thus acting upon it by brackets 81, 81 (Fig. 12) surrounding the axle 13 of the wheel set and the emergency running surface 86 or the axle stub of the wheel 14, T

and connected by tension rods 88, 88'- to'th'e pended from the axle of the wheel. Rollers. 88

are provided in the bracket8'l and rollers or slide bodies'are provided in the bracket 81'. In

this manner the. roller 8| can be adjusted toexert the desired pressure by means of the screwing device 84 which. advantageously is connected with the rod 83 by a ball and socket joint.

The roller 8| due to the diflerent thicknesses of the flanges or tires 88 will sometimes have a lateral clearance-with respect to the said tire; or fiange 88- which should be advantageously limited or entirely eliminated. To this end I provide a circular disc 8|, the shaft 92 of which is inclined with respect to the shaft of the roller 8| and the surface 83 of which is wedge-shaped so as to engage .the space between the tire 88 and the roller flange 8|. It will be understood that the play or clearance between the tire 98 and the roller 8| can be easily changed or eliminated by moving or pressing the disc 8| more or less into this interspace, by means of the screwing device 84.

The disc 9| is supported on the bracket 85 which may be secured to the fork 82 by means of screws. According to another modification of the invention the clearance between the tire and the roller may be eliminated by providing the roller 8| with interchangeableior adjustable lateral flanges 8| as shown in Fig. 14. Also the clearance between the roller 8| and the tire may be eliminated by means of lateral pressure rollers (not shown) or the like. i Provided at 96 between the guide'plate 88 and the; flange 98 in Figs. 10 and 14 is the guiding device for the strip 18 which has been hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 5 and, 6; the shape of this device is adapted to the profile or cross-section of the groove and strip.

It will be understood that the machine operates in such a manner that the wheel set 18 rotates in a counter-clockwise direction, whereby the strip 18 is pressed into a groove of the wheel I4 under action of the pressure exerted by the roller-8|. The groove portion of the wheel and the. portion of the strip already rolled-in pass through a container 91 filled with a suitable quenching agent, as for instance, water or oil or a salt solution. Alternatively, a squirting device may be provided as in 'Fig. '7.

. While I have herein shown and described certain preferred embodiments ofmy invention, I wish itto be understood that I do not confine myself to all the precise details herein set forth by my way of illustration, as modification and variation may be made without departing. from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows:

1. In a machine for embedding a strip of wearresistant material in a recess in the running surface of a wheel, means for supporting and rotating the wheel, means adjacent the wheel for heating the strip of wear-resistant material, means adapted to engage the running surface of the wheel in close proximity to said heating I means for rolling said strip into the recess of the wheel, and means disposed in operative relation a wheel set in said lathe, said device comprising means disposed adjacent one of the wheels for heating a strip of wear-resistant material, and

means mounted in close proximity to said heating means and adapted to engage the running surface of said wheel for rolling said strip into the recess of said wheel.

3. In combination with a wheel set lathe, a

intimate bound relation with said machine part, and means in close'proximity to said part and the aforesaid means for guiding said strip and preventing lateral extension thereof immediately exterior of said recess.

5. In a machine for improving the whining surface of flanged wheels, a roller adapted to engage said running surface and having flanges embracing the sides of said wheel, and a second roller having a wedge shaped rim portion adjustably engageable between. the flange of said wheel and the coacting flange of the first said roller for maintaining said wheel and the first said roller in relatively fixed operative relation.

6. In a machine for embedding a strip of wearresistant material in a recess in a mac means for heating the strip, and meat proximity to said heating means for forcing the heated strip into the recess in said machine part.

7. In a machine as set forth in claim 6, the

combination therewith of means for quenching the heated strip in its embedded position in said recess.

8. In a machine asset forth in claim 6, the

' combination therewith of fluid discharge nozzle means disposed in operative relation to said machine part for quenching the heated strip subsequent to the operation of the second said means.

9. Incombination with a wheel set lathe having a wheel set mounted therein, a device for applying pressure on the running surface of a wheel of said wheel set comprising a yoke structure connected with said lathe and having arm members engaged with said wheel set on opposite sides of said wheel thereof, a roller mounted in said yoke structure and disposed in engagement with the running surface of the said wheel, and means for adjusting the pressure of said roller with respect to said wheel and the corresponding tension in said arm members.

10. In a machine for embeddinga strip of wear-resistant material in an undercut recess in the running surface of a wheel, means for supporting and rotating-the wheel, means for heating the strip of wear-resistant material, guiding means for conducting the heated strip to said undercut recess and preventing lateral extension of said strip exterior of said recess, and roller means for forcing the heated strip into said recess 'and extending said strip laterally into intimate bound relation with said wheel.

11. ,In a machine as set forth in claim 10, the combination therewith of means for quenching said strip in its embedded position in said recess.

GUSTAV SEMBDNER. 

